Raman spectroscopy is an optical technique which uses the reflected light from the plaques to determine the chemical composition of the tissue.
Different chemical compositions scatter different wavelengths (and energies) so each tissue, due to its chemical composition (lipid, collagen, calcium, etc.), has a unique pattern of light absorbance.
Raman spectroscopy collects light scattered by tissue when illuminated with high energy laser.
Most of this scattered light is at the same wavelength as the incident light, some are at different wavelengths.
The amount of the wavelength shift which is called Raman shift depends on the characteristics of the molecule.
Catheters based on advanced high-wavenumber Raman spectroscopy can identify and quantify lipids and lipid subcategories within human coronary arteries in-vivo. The technology promises to enable patient risk assessment and treatment of the cause of heart attacks before they occur.
A Raman spectrum of cholesterol can be divided readily into the fingerprint and high wavenumber regions.